medieval.org
sequentia.org
Deutsche Harmonia Mundi RD 77095
1991
1. O canenda vulgo per compita
~ Rex quem metrorum ~ Rex regum ~ CONTRATENOR [2:08]
motet —
Collver~Mentzel~Brownless~Grant
2. Je qui paoir seule ai de
conforter [6:03]
descort — Barbara Thornton, Harfe,
Fidel
3. Colla iugo subdere ~ Bona
condit cetera ~ Libera me, Domine [1:43]
motet — Collver~Mentzel~Grant
4. Firmissime fidem teneamus ~
Adesto, sancta trinitas ~ Alleluya, Benedictus [3:02]
motet — Brownless~Mentzel~Grant
5. Cum statua Nabucodonasor ~
Hugo, Hugo, princeps invidie ~ Magister invidie [1:37]
motet — Cordier~Collver~Mentzel
6. Firmissime fidem teneamus [2:55]
Intabulation - Orgel
7. Impudenter circumivi ~
Virtutibus laudabilis ~ CONTRATENOR ~ TENOR [2:47]
motet —
Cordier~Collver~Mentzel~Brownless
8. Ay, amours! tant me dure [4:19]
chanson — Barbara Thornton, Fidel
9. Garrit Gallus flendo
dolorose ~ In nova fert animus ~ NEUMA [1:42]
motet — Collver~Cordier~Bagby
10. Providence la senée [4:06]
Virelai — Benjamin Bagby, Fidel
11. Floret cum vana gloria ~
Florens vigor ulciscendo ~ NEUMA [1:48]
motet — Brownless~Mentzel~Grant
12. Aman novi probatur exitu ~
Heu, Fortuna subdola ~ Heu me, tristis est anima mea [2:07]
motet — Cordier~Collver~Bagby/Mentzel
13. Petre Clemens, tam re quam
nimine ~ Lugentium siccentur occuli plaudant senes ~ TENOR [6:37]
motet — Brownless~Mentzel~Grant/Bagby
14. Talant j'ai que d'obeir [13:53]
lai — Barbara Thornton, Fidel
15. Tribum, que non abhorruit ~
Quoniam secta latronum ~ Merito hec patimur [1:31]
motet — Collver~Brownless~Mentzel
16. Tuba sacre fidei ~ In
arboris empiro prospere ~ Libera me, Domine [2:02]
motet — Brownless~Mentzel~Grant
17. Tribum, que non abhorruit [2:05]
Intabulation - Orgel
18. Se j'onques a mon vivant [3:10]
chanson — Barbara Thornton
19. Douce playsance est d'amer
loyament ~ Garison selon nature ~ NEUMA quinti toni [2:22]
motet — Thornton~Brownless~Bagby
20. Vos quid admiramini,
virgines ~ Gratissima virginis species ~ CONTRATENOR ~ Gaude gloriosa [1:58]
motet —
Cordier~Collver~Brownless~Grant
SEQUENTIA
Ensemble für Musik des
Mittelalters
Benjamin Bagby & Barbara Thornton
Benjamin Bagby – Gesang, Harfe
Barbara Thornton – Gesang
Patricia Neely – Fidel
Edmund Brownless – Gesang
Michael Collver – Gesang
David Cordier – Gesang
Stephen Grant – Gesang, Orgel
Eric Metnzel – Gesang
Sequentia
named
after one of the most significant musical and poetic forms of the High
Middle Ages, was founded by Benjamin Bagby and Barbara Thornton in 1977
and rapidly grew to become the internationally acclaimed leader in its
field. While reconstructing the animated musical traditions of medieval
Europe, the ensemble uniquely combines vocal and instrumental virtuosity
with innovative research work and programme planning.
Sources:
The motet recordings are based largely on the two main
manuscript sources, used in conjunction with the text and music editions
of Leo Schrade and Ernest Sanders, with further changes supplied by
Edward Roesner.
The monophonic vocal music is performed from the original source (Paris, fr. 146), used in conjunction with the text edition of Emilie Dahnk.
The
two motet intabulations are based on the manuscript fragment London,
British Museum, add. 28550. A bibliography and discussion of Philippe de
Vitry's motets and the Roman de Fauvel can be found in:
Paris, Bibliotheque National, f. fr. 146: Le Roman de Fauvel
in the Edition of Chaillou de Pesstain. (Introduction by François
Avril, Nancy F. Regalado and Edward H. Roesner). Edited by Edward H.
Roesner. Broude Brothers Ltd., New York, 1990.
Instruments:
gothic harp, Rainer Thurau, Ulm, 1985
fiddle, Lyn Elder, San Rafael, California, 1974
organ (used by permission of Roland Götz, Augsburg), Georg Jann, Regensburg, 1975
Ⓟ + © 1991, harmonia mundi, D-7800 Freiburg
Production: Klaus L Neumann
Recording & Editing: Dr. Thomas Gallia, Paul Deny
Engineering: Sonart, Milano
Digital remastering: harmonia mundi acustica
Recorded: 9.-11. III 1988, 11.-13. IV. 1988, Seewen, CH
Liner notes: Edward H. Roesner
Front cover photo: Paris, Bibliotheque Nationale, f. fr. 146 (Roman de Fauvel)
Photo back cover: dhm, Jutta Jelinksi
Editing: Rudolf Moratscheck, Jens Markowsky, Bruno Ochsner
All rights reserved
HARMONIA MUNDI D-7800 FREIBURG
A coproduction with WDR, Westdeutscher Rundfunk Köln
Philippe de Vitry: Ars nova
During the early 14th century, a new style, an ars nova,
swept over French music transforming the hitherto unpretentious genres
of the motet and the courtly refrain lyric into the most ambitious
musical forms of the later middle ages. According to the anonymous Règles de la seconde rhétorique,
it was Phillipe de Vitry who "invented the style of motets, ballades,
lais, and simple rondeaux"—who was responsible for the stylistic
breakthrough of the ars nova. Vitry was one of the most
illustrious men of his century, a diplomat who served three French
kings, an ecclesiastic who presided as Bishop of Meaux, an academic and
intellectual famous as a moral philosopher, a poet, and, with Guillaume
de Machault, the greatest musician of the age. But despite his fame,
little of Vitry's work has survived. We have none of his scholarly
writings and only a handful of his poetry, and his celebrated treatise
on music, Ars nova, is known only as a torso.
A mere 16
musical works, all of them motets, have been ascribed to Vitry by modern
scholarship, and of these only four have strong documentary claims to
authenticity (#5, 13, 19, 20 on this recording). All are preserved in
one or the other of two manuscripts – the famous Roman de Fauvel manuscript, Paris fr.
146, which Vitry may have had a hand in producing, copied at the court
of Philip V in 1317-18, and the late 14th-century Savoyard manuscript,
Ivrea 115, a book with close ties to another French monarch, Charles V.
The Fauvel manuscript also contains numerous courtly lyrics of the sort mentioned by the Règles;
these may also be by Vitry. In their sophistication of design, subtlety
of expression, and extraordinary lyricism, all of the pieces on this
recording bear witness to what Johannes de Gro-cheio observed of the
motet, that it is not for the unlettered, "since they do not grasp its
subtlety or delight in hearing it", but instead "should be performed for
the learned and those who inquire into the fine points of the artes".
Several of the motets are on topical themes. Petre clemens
(#13) celebrates the election of Pierre Roger to the papacy as Clement
VI in 1342. (It was Clement who would elevate Vitry to the see of Meaux
in 1351). The motet is replete with the usual panegyrics, but deploys
them with consummate skill — thus "Petre clemens" refers to Pierre Roger
and Peter, the first Pope, and to the name of the new Pope and to the
Papal virtue of clemency. It is conceived on a grand scale, with
elaborate hocket sections adding a festive note (15 years earlier, Pope
John XXII had called such music "laschivious") and articulating a
structure rich in number symbolism. Rex quem metrorum (#1) addresses another great historical figure, Robert of Anjou, King of Naples. And Hugo Hugo princeps invidie
(#5) is a polemic against a certain Master Hugues, perhaps an academic
colleague of Vitry's, using the shrill language typical of such
confrontations with extraordinary force.
No fewer than four
motets are concerned with Enguerran de Marigny, minister of Philip IV,
executed on the gallows of Paris, at Montfaucon, on 30 April 1315. Two
motets protest his abuse of power (#9, 11) and two comment on his
downfall (#12, 15). In nova fert (#9) is one of the most brilliant technical achievements in medieval music. Concerned with mutatio,
with a political order turned upside-down, and with the overthrow of
Marigny, it develops these ideas above a tenor line built as a
palindrome, suggestive of Fortune's wheel, and that moves back and forth
between ternary and duple meter, an unstable foundation that reflects
the overall theme of the work. Heu Fortuna subdola (#12) is
equally remarkable in its way. Counterpointing liturgical chants of
lamentation in the tenor with a lament on the fickleness of Fortune and
images of failure and execution (even an allusion to Montfaucon) in the
upper parts, the motet is built on another unstable tenor, consisting as
it does of phrases of constantly changing length.
Other motets are liturgical — Adesto sancta trinitas (#4) and Vos quid admiramini (#20), a hymn to the Virgin influenced by the Song of Songs. Others, are exegetical or moral (#3, 7, 16). One, Garison selon nature (#19), an early work, uses the language of fin' amour familiar from the courtly lyrics of the previous century, but clothes it in the virtuoso idiom of the ars nova.
The
raison d'etre of the motet lies in the interplay between different,
simultaneously sung texts. A few Vitry motets circulated in arrangements
for organ, however, in which intricate keyboard ornamentation replaces
the text as the primary focus of the piece (#6, 17). The Roman de Fauvel
manuscript includes a group of lyrics inserted into the account of the
courtship of the goddess Fortune by the beast Fauvel. Some of these
songs show Fauvel bringing all his hypocritical charm and modish
artifice to his wooing (#8, 10, 14, 18), while the descort, Je qui paoir (#2), sung by Fortune "contre Fauvel", lays out her reaction to his quest.
Edward H. Roesner